Framework Library / Seven standards · One reference

All seven frameworks. One page.

Seven distinct frameworks govern carbon credit quality, contribution claim language, neutrality disclosure, UK regulatory compliance, portfolio construction, aviation compliance, and the science-based transition pathway. Each was developed independently. None was designed to be read alongside the others. This page maps them against a shared set of criteria, identifies where they align, where they diverge, and where a single transaction must satisfy multiple simultaneous requirements. It is the reference a procurement or legal team needs before asking “does this disclosure pack cover everything?”

Distinct frameworks governing voluntary carbon credit quality, claims, and disclosure 7 frameworks
Criteria compared across all seven frameworks in the main comparison table 21 criteria
Evidence items in the disclosure pack — each satisfying multiple frameworks simultaneously 24 items
Points where frameworks diverge, conflict, or create simultaneous obligations requiring resolution 5 divergences
Covers
ICVCM CCPsCredit quality
VCMI Claims CodeClaim quality
ISO 14068-1Disclosure obligation
DEFRA Good QualityUK regulatory
Oxford PrinciplesPortfolio construction
CORSIAAviation compliance
SBTi CNZ v2.0*Contribution framing
Quick Reference · 01

Seven frameworks. What each does and why it matters.

The frameworks divide into four functional types. Credit quality frameworks define what a credible tonne looks like. Claim frameworks define what you may say about it. Disclosure frameworks define what you must document. Compliance frameworks create legal obligations. One transaction must satisfy all applicable types simultaneously.

ICVCM CCPs Core Carbon Principles Credit quality · 10 threshold requirements · Programme-level assessment · Gold Standard & Verra CCP-Approved Read framework →
VCMI Claims Code of Practice Claim quality · 3 pre-requisites · 3 tiers · Governs public claim language · SBTi target required Read framework →
ISO 14068-1 Carbon Neutrality Standard Disclosure obligation · §11.2 credit criteria · §11.3 programme criteria · §11.4 mandatory documentation Read framework →
DEFRA Good Quality Criteria UK regulatory · 7 criteria · SECR net figure basis · 8-item non-Kyoto disclosure · 2019 guidance Read framework →
Oxford Offsetting Principles 2024 Portfolio construction · 4 principles · Shift to durable removals · Science-based · Referenced by VCMI & SBTi Read framework →
CORSIA ICAO Emissions Scheme Aviation compliance · 11 programme elements · 8 credit criteria · CAs required 2024 · Sovereign Portfolio Read framework →
SBTi v2.0 * CNZ Standard v2.0 MIC contribution framing · 9 integrity principles · 2021+ vintage · CAs excluded · Consultation draft Nov 2025 Read framework →

* SBTi CNZ v2.0 is a second consultation draft published November 2025. It has not been approved or published as a final standard. It is included as the emerging framework and direction of travel.

Comparison · 02

Twenty-one criteria across seven frameworks.

Each cell indicates whether the criterion is required, recommended, not addressed, or explicitly excluded. Clause references are given where applicable. Where a framework satisfies a criterion via another (e.g. VCMI via ICVCM), the dependency is shown.

Required — explicit obligation
Recommended — or satisfied via another framework
Not addressed
Explicitly excluded
Criterion ICVCM CCPs VCMI ISO 14068-1 DEFRA Oxford CORSIA SBTi v2.0*
Credit quality criteria
Additionality ✓ RequiredCCP 5 ~ Via ICVCMDue diligence req. ✓ Required§11.2(b) ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 1 ✓ RequiredPrinciple 1 ✓ RequiredCriterion 1 ✓ Required§1.3
Credible baseline ✓ RequiredCCP 7 ~ Via ICVCM ✓ Required§11.2(c) ✓ RequiredPrinciple 1 ✓ RequiredCriterion 2 ✓ Required§1.2
Permanence & reversal safeguards ✓ RequiredCCP 6 ~ Via ICVCM ✓ Required§11.2(d) ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 3 ✓ RequiredPrinciple 1 ✓ RequiredCriterion 5 ✓ Required§1.7
Independent verification ✓ RequiredCCP 4 ~ Via ICVCM ✓ Required§11.3(f) ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 4 ✓ RequiredPrinciple 1 ✓ RequiredCriterion 3 · Elem 6 ✓ Required§1.9
Ex-post only ✓ RequiredCCP 7 ~ Via ICVCM ✓ Required§11.2 explicit ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 5 Timing ✓ RequiredCriterion 3 ✓ Required§1.1
Leakage assessment ✓ RequiredCCP 5 ~ Via ICVCM ✓ Required§11.3(g) ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 2 ✓ RequiredCriterion 6 ✓ Required§1.6
Social & environmental safeguards ✓ RequiredCCP 9 ✓ Required§11.3(b) ✓ RequiredElement 9 ✓ Required§1.8 — FPIC
Registry and double counting
Registry retirement & serial numbers ✓ RequiredCCP 2 ✓ RequiredDisclosure items ✓ Required§11.3(g) · §11.4(e) ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 6 · Items 6–7 ✓ RequiredCriterion 4 · Elem 3–4 ✓ Required§2.1
No double issuance or use ✓ RequiredCCP 8 ✓ Required ✓ Required§11.3(g) · §11.1 ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 6 ✓ RequiredCriterion 7(a)(b) ✓ Required§2.1
Govt double counting / CAs ✓ RequiredCCP 8 ~ Recommended ~ §11.1 noteNot mandatory Not addressed 2019 ✓ RequiredPhase 1 · 2024+ ✗ Excluded§1.3 — MIC framing
Timing and vintage
Vintage limit ✓ 5-year rolling§11.2 ~ Phase 1 params ✓ 2021 floor§1.5
Retirement deadline ~ Claiming year ✓ 12 months§11.2 after reporting period
Sustainable development and transparency
SDG / sustainable development identification ✓ RequiredCCP 9 ~ In disclosure ✓ Required§11.3(c) ✓ RequiredElement 10
Transparency & public documentation ✓ RequiredCCP 3 ✓ Required ✓ Required§11.3(a) · §11.4 ✓ RequiredGood Quality · 7 ✓ RequiredPrinciple 1 ✓ RequiredElement 8 ✓ Required§1.4
Shift toward durable removals ✓ CCP 10Transition principle ~ §11.1 shouldResidual emissions ✓ RequiredPrinciples 2–4
Claim and disclosure obligations
Claim language governed ✓ 3 tiersSilver / Gold / Platinum ~ Neutrality framing§11 context ~ SECR net figure ~ CORSIA unit ~ MIC framing§1.3 not 1:1
Pre-requisites before any claim ✓ 3 conditionsSBTi · Scope 3 · Progress ✓ §11.1Reduction-first hierarchy ✓ Compliance calcAirline excess above baseline Implies SBTi target
Mandatory disclosure documentation (§11.4 equivalent) ✓ Disclosure items ✓ §11.4(a–e)5 mandatory items ✓ 8 itemsNon-Kyoto disclosure ✓ Compliance filing ✓ §1.4Transparency requirements
Annual / time-bounded claim requirement ✓ Annual claimRegister annually ✓ Reporting periodRetire within 12 mo. ✓ SECR year ✓ Compliance period
Sector-specific and emerging requirements
Aviation sector compliance ✓ Primary purposeICAO Annex 16
UK SECR regulatory basis ✓ Primary purposeCompanies Act 2006
Value distribution transparency ✓ §2.2Novel — not yet in others

* SBTi CNZ v2.0 consultation draft, November 2025. Subject to further refinement, consultation, and approval.

Divergences · 03

Five points where frameworks conflict or create simultaneous obligations.

Most framework criteria align without tension. These five do not. Each creates a genuine complexity that a procurement team needs to understand before deciding which credits to source and how to structure the disclosure.

Divergence Frameworks in tension The conflict The resolution
Corresponding adjustments CORSIA: Required from 2024 for Phase 1
ISO 14068-1: Recommended — §11.1 note
SBTi v2.0: Explicitly excluded — §1.3
Three different positions on the same mechanism. An airline making both a CORSIA compliance purchase and an SBTi MIC contribution in the same year faces contradictory signals. CA-backed credits satisfy all three. CAs are not more restrictive — they are more comprehensive. CORSIA requires them; ISO benefits from them; SBTi neither requires nor prohibits them. Sourcing CA-backed credits eliminates the conflict entirely.
Vintage limits ISO 14068-1: 5-year rolling limit — §11.2
SBTi v2.0: Fixed 2021 floor — §1.5
CORSIA: Phase 1 parameters
Others: Not specified
For reporting year 2025: ISO permits vintage back to 2020; SBTi v2.0 requires 2021 onward. For 2020-vintage credits, ISO is satisfied but SBTi is not. The two thresholds diverge by one year at present and the gap widens over time as the SBTi floor remains fixed at 2021. Source 2021+ vintage as standard. Satisfies both. The SBTi 2021 floor is the binding constraint whenever both frameworks apply. All credits in the 360° Impact Portfolio meet the 2021+ threshold.
Retirement deadline ISO 14068-1: 12 months after reporting period end — §11.2
VCMI: Credits retired in claiming year
Others: Not specified
ISO and VCMI specify different deadlines. A credit purchased in December 2025 for the 2025 reporting year must be retired by December 2026 under ISO, but in the same year under VCMI for a 2025 VCMI claim. In practice, retiring at point of purchase satisfies both — the tension only arises for delayed retirements. Retire at point of transaction. The 360° Impact Portfolio retires credits within 14 working days of transaction completion — well within both deadlines and eliminating any inter-framework tension.
Claim language VCMI: Contribution claim — tiered (Silver/Gold/Platinum)
ISO 14068-1: Carbon neutrality claim
SBTi v2.0: MIC claim — not 1:1 equivalence
DEFRA: SECR net figure disclosure
Four different claim formats, each addressing a different audience, using different language, and subject to different scrutiny. An organisation making all four simultaneously must draft each correctly without letting language from one bleed into another. Each claim is drafted separately. The disclosure pack includes distinct sections for the VCMI tier claim, the ISO 14068-1 neutrality claim, the SECR net figure disclosure, and (where applicable) the SBTi MIC framing. The underlying evidence satisfies all four; the claim language is tailored to each.
Value distribution transparency SBTi v2.0 §2.2: Requires disclosure of financial flow to project
All others: Not addressed
SBTi §2.2 would require disclosure of what percentage of the credit purchase price reaches the implementing entity — a requirement no other framework makes and which the market has not yet operationalised. Its scope and measurement methodology are undefined in the consultation draft. Monitor draft finalisation. §2.2 is the most unsettled requirement in the draft. No implementation is possible until the final standard defines scope and measurement. This page will be updated when the standard is approved and guidance is available.
Disclosure Pack · 04

Twenty-four evidence items. Which framework each satisfies.

The disclosure pack delivered with every 360° Impact Portfolio transaction is structured so that a single document satisfies the mandatory evidence requirements of all applicable frameworks simultaneously. This table maps each pack element to the framework requirements it addresses.

Disclosure pack element ICVCM VCMI ISO §11 DEFRA Oxford CORSIA SBTi*
Section 1 — Transaction summary
Client legal entity name §11.4(e) Item 6 Crit 4
Total tCO₂e retired Tier calc §11.4(c) Item 1 §1.4
Retirement date ~ Yr §11.4(e) · 12mo Item 6
Section 2 — Project schedule
Project name and registry ID CCP 7 Disclosure §11.4(b) Item 3 Elem 2 §1.4
Project location — country & region CCP 7 §11.4(b) Elem 2 §1.4
Crediting programme (Gold Standard / Verra) CCP 1 Via CCPs §11.4(a) Item 2 Elem 1
Methodology name and version CCP 7 Via CCPs §11.4(a) Item 4 Elem 1 §1.2
tCO₂e from each project Disclosure §11.4(c) Item 1 §1.4
Vintage year (reductions occurred) CCP 7 §11.4(d) Crit 3 §1.5 2021+
Issuance year (credits issued) §11.4(d)
Link to registry project record CCP 3 §11.4(b) Item 3 Elem 4 §1.4
SDG co-benefit mapping CCP 9 ~ Disclosure §11.3(c) Elem 10
Section 3 — Credit quality evidence
CCP-Approved programme confirmation CCP 1–4 Due diligence §11.2(e) · §11.3 Via CCPs Elems 1–11 Via CCPs §1.9
Additionality methodology note CCP 5 Via CCPs §11.2(b) Good Quality 1 Criterion 1 §1.3
Ex-post confirmation CCP 7 Via CCPs §11.2 explicit Good Quality 5 Criterion 3 §1.1
Vintage compliance confirmation §11.2 5yr Phase 1 §1.5 2021+
VVB name and verification opinion ref CCP 4 Via CCPs §11.3(f) Item 5 Criterion 3 · Elem 6 §1.9
Section 4 — Double counting and CAs
Article 6 double-counting analysis CCP 8 ~ Recommended §11.1 note Criterion 7 ✗ Excl. §1.3
CA documentation (Sovereign Portfolio only) CCP 8 ~ Enhanced §11.1 note Phase 1 req. ✗ Excl. §1.3
CORSIA eligibility note (Sovereign Portfolio only) All criteria
Section 5 — Contribution claim
Registry retirement certificate (serial numbers) CCP 2 Disclosure §11.4(e) Items 6–7 Criterion 4 §2.1
Link to registry retirement proof CCP 2 §11.4(e) Item 7 Criterion 4
VCMI-aligned claim statement (tier-appropriate) All tiers ~ MIC aligned
ISO 14068-1 §11.4 contribution claim draft §11.3(h) · §11.4 §1.4
DEFRA Good Quality compliance note (7 criteria) Via CCPs Item 8
SBTi v2.0 draft alignment note (where requested) §1.1–§1.9 · §2.1

✓ = required by that framework  ·  ~ = recommended or partially addressed  ·  ✗ = explicitly excluded  ·  blank = not addressed by that framework  ·  * SBTi CNZ v2.0 consultation draft, November 2025

Evidence Pack · 05

One document. All frameworks. Delivered within 14 working days.

The disclosure pack delivered with every 360° Impact Portfolio transaction is structured so that a procurement team, legal adviser, external auditor, or certification body can open a single document and find every evidence item this comparison table requires — mapped against the framework it satisfies, with direct links to the underlying registry records.

It does not require the recipient to navigate seven separate frameworks, identify which clauses apply to them, or request supplementary documentation. Every mandatory item is present on delivery. The SDG co-benefit mapping, the Article 6 double-counting analysis, the VCMI-aligned claim statement, the DEFRA Good Quality compliance note, and the ISO 14068-1 §11.4 documentation are all produced as standard elements of every transaction — not as extras available on request.

For Sovereign Portfolio transactions, the pack additionally includes CA documentation, CORSIA Phase 1 eligibility confirmation, and the host country NDC adjustment reference. The framework mapping in Section 6 of the pack explicitly cross-references each element against the clause reference in each applicable framework.

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Next step

Seven frameworks. One disclosure pack.

The 360° Impact Portfolio evidence pack satisfies the mandatory requirements of ICVCM, ISO 14068-1, VCMI, DEFRA, CORSIA, and SBTi v2.0 simultaneously — in a single document, delivered within 14 working days of transaction. The 30-minute discovery call is the starting point.